Microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, play a crucial role in various biological processes and are widely used in biotechnology. In IGCSE Biology, you learn how microorganisms are harnessed in the production of food, medicines, and industrial products. For example, bacteria are used in the production of yogurt and cheese through the fermentation process, while yeast, a type of fungus, is essential in baking and brewing because it ferments sugars to produce carbon dioxide and alcohol. Additionally, microorganisms are used in the production of antibiotics, such as penicillin, and in genetic engineering to produce insulin and other medicines. Their versatility makes them invaluable tools in both natural and industrial processes. .
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